Traditionally, aluminium smelters have operated with the assumption of stable inputs to the process and consistent power supply to ensure stability of heat and mass balance within the cell.

The assumption of a low-cost, constant, reliable and secure energy supply for smelters is now being increasingly challenged as electrical power systems adopt an ever-greater proportion of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources - namely solar and wind energy, and are increasingly exposed to carbon emission pricing.

To survive and remain competitive in this environment, smelters will need to continue re-assessing past operating paradigms and assumptions.

The following article explores the situation in Australia as a case study and presents some of the potential solutions for smelters operating in this region.